Society is undergoing dramatic transformations as a result of advances in molecular genetics and genetic manipulation. The most widely used genetically altered features allow plants to create their own pesticide, decreasing crop losses due to insect attack, or to resist herbicides, allowing herbicides to be used to kill a wide range of weeds without damaging crops. Those characteristics have been included into most soybean, corn, and cotton types. Genetic engineering could be applied in a wider range of crops, in new methods other than herbicide and insect resistance, and for a wider range of applications. Many farmers that employ genetic engineering crops report that weed control is more cost-effective and that insect pest losses are lower. Traditional methods of breeding and selection to improve crops for intended goals have various advantages over Genetic modification technology. The technology is extremely valuable to society because it provides a variety of benefits. The fact that the area under cultivation of GM crops is rising exponentially each year can be used to measure the success of GM technology. It opens up new possibilities for crop plants to be engineered with novel features. However, the use of GM crops has become a highly contentious topic in recent years, with its roots in misunderstandings and a lack of scientific evidence. This debate, on the other hand, is helping to fuel research in other fields. As a result, a number of techniques for removing marker genes from transgenic plants have been developed. The objective of this paper is to review genetic engineering, its application, and importance and future aspects in modern crop improvement.

Keywords: Genetic engineering, crop, GMO, technology, importance