International Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 2953-2108 Vol.  1 (5), pp. 018-022, May, 2017. © Advanced Scholars Journals

Review

Importance of malaria and typhoid co-infection due to misleading Widal results

Amartya Ramanujan Akbar

VSS Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Orissa, India. or KV-34, Krishna vihar, Patrapada,Bhubaneswar, Orissa - 751019, India. E-mail:[email protected]

Accepted 17 April, 2017

Abstract

Rampant and unnecessary use of iron supplementation to correct possible anemia in malaria and other infections is dangerous, since excess iron may predispose to salmonellosis. Intracellular bacteria, such as Salmonella typhimurium has an obligate requirement for iron to support intracellular growth and survival. Complements have unique role in salmonella co-infection with malaria because complements like C1q and C4 deficiency are associated with Salmonella infection. On the other hand, misleading Widal results may keep one away from the true diagnosis because of cross reaction of antigen from other infections with Salmonella antibody. Therefore an erroneous interpretation of rapid diagnostic tests delays the treatment of actual infection and increases morbidity. So, further research is necessary to diagnose a true coinfection and to eliminate false interpretation of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Thereby true co-infections and their prevalence should be measured correctly. Effective control measures can be determined if a data of true co-infection were present. A review was carried out on the literature relating to malaria and typhoid, using various journals and published articles from internet search engines. Here we described the importance of malaria and typhoid co-infection due to misleading Widal results, associated conditions, and iron induced true co-infection and their public health importance by reviewing various scientific data.

Key word: Coinfection, malaria, typhoid, iron overload, salmonella, false positive widal, misleading widal result, true coinfection.